{"id":295,"date":"2026-09-15T11:00:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T11:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dns.computer\/blog\/?p=295"},"modified":"2026-09-15T11:00:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T11:00:57","slug":"netstat-command-explained-how-to-check-network-connections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dns.computer\/blog\/netstat-command-explained-how-to-check-network-connections\/","title":{"rendered":"Netstat Command Explained: How to Check Network Connections"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Netstat command is a network troubleshooting tool that lets you view active connections, listening ports, routing information, network interfaces, and protocol statistics on a computer or server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you need to find out which ports are open, whether a server has active connections, or which application is using a particular port, Netstat can quickly provide the answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although newer Linux systems often use the ss command instead, Netstat remains useful for troubleshooting, working with older systems, and understanding how network connections work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Is the Netstat Command?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Netstat stands for network statistics. It is a command-line utility that displays information about a system&#8217;s network activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use Netstat to check:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Active TCP and UDP connections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Listening ports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IP addresses and port numbers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Programs using network connections<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Routing tables<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Network interface statistics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TCP, UDP, and other protocol statistics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Netstat belongs to the net-tools package on Linux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On some modern Linux distributions, it may not be installed by default because newer tools such as ss and ip provide similar functionality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Basic Netstat Command Syntax<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic syntax is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat [options]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Running Netstat without options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Displays active network connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The output usually contains information such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Proto<\/strong> \u2013 the protocol, such as TCP or UDP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recv-Q<\/strong> \u2013 data received but not yet processed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Send-Q<\/strong> \u2013 data waiting to be sent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Local Address<\/strong> \u2013 your system&#8217;s IP address and port<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foreign Address<\/strong> \u2013 the remote system&#8217;s IP address and port<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State<\/strong> \u2013 the current connection state<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can combine several Netstat options to get more useful results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to Check All Network Connections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the -a option to display both active connections and listening sockets:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because the output can become quite long, you will usually combine -a with other options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -at<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">shows TCP connections, while:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -au<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">shows UDP connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to Check Listening Ports<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A listening port is waiting for incoming network connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To display listening sockets, use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For TCP listening ports:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -lt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For UDP:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -lu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Checking listening ports is useful when troubleshooting a web server, DNS server, mail server, database, or another network service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, a web server may listen on TCP port 80 for HTTP or port 443 for HTTPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Display IP Addresses and Port Numbers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By default, Netstat may try to translate IP addresses and port numbers into hostnames and service names.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the -n option to show numeric values instead:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, instead of displaying a service name such as https, Netstat can show port 443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numeric output is often easier to use when troubleshooting and can also return results faster because Netstat does not need to perform name resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Find Which Program Is Using a Port<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most useful Netstat commands is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -tulpn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This combines several options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-t \u2013 TCP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-u \u2013 UDP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-l \u2013 listening sockets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-p \u2013 process or program<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-n \u2013 numeric addresses and ports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can help you identify which application is listening on a specific port.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, you might find that Nginx is listening on port 80 or that an SSH server is listening on port 22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depending on your system and permissions, you may need elevated privileges to see process information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sudo netstat -tulpn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check a Specific Port With Netstat Command<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can combine Netstat with grep to search for a specific port.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, to check port 53:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -tulpn | grep :53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Port 53 is commonly used for DNS traffic, so this command can help determine whether a DNS service is listening on the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To check HTTPS port 443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -tulpn | grep :443<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If no result appears, no matching listening socket may exist under the selected options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Established Connections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP connections can have different states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To find active connections that have successfully been established, run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -ant | grep ESTABLISHED<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common TCP states include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>LISTEN<\/strong> \u2013 the system is waiting for incoming connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ESTABLISHED<\/strong> \u2013 two systems have an active TCP connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>TIME_WAIT<\/strong> \u2013 the connection has closed, but the system temporarily keeps information about it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seeing multiple TIME_WAIT connections does not automatically indicate a problem. TCP uses this state as part of normal connection handling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Display the Routing Table<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Netstat can also display the system&#8217;s routing table:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -r<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A particularly useful version is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -rn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The -n option prevents hostname resolution and displays addresses numerically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The routing table shows how the system decides where to send network traffic, including its default gateway and available network routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Check Network Interface Statistics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To view information about network interfaces, use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can show interfaces such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/computer-networks\/what-is-ethernet\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/computer-networks\/what-is-ethernet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethernet<\/a>, loopback, or other network adapters, along with packet and error statistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can be useful when investigating packet errors or checking whether an interface is actively sending and receiving traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>View Network Protocol Statistics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To display statistics for network protocols, run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The output can include statistics for TCP, UDP, IP, and ICMP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This command is particularly useful when diagnosing network problems because it can reveal failed connections, packet errors, retransmissions, and other activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Useful Netstat Commands at a Glance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are some of the most useful commands to remember:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show all connections and listening sockets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show TCP connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show UDP connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -l<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show listening sockets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -tulpn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show listening TCP and UDP ports with process information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -rn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show the routing table numerically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Show protocol statistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Netstat vs SS: Which Should You Use?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Netstat is still useful, but Linux documentation describes it as a mostly obsolete tool. Modern Linux systems generally recommend ss for inspecting sockets and ip for networking and routing tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">netstat -tulpn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">has a similar use case to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ss -tulpn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dns.computer\/blog\/ss-command-guide-for-beginners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ss command<\/a> is generally faster on systems with many connections and can provide more detailed TCP information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, Netstat remains common in documentation, older Linux environments, troubleshooting guides, and scripts. Knowing how it works can therefore still be valuable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Netstat command provides a simple way to see what is happening on a system&#8217;s network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can use it to check active connections, find listening ports, identify applications using specific ports, inspect routing information, and review network statistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For modern Linux systems, learning ss alongside Netstat is a good idea. But if you are troubleshooting an older server or following existing network documentation, Netstat remains a useful command to have in your toolbox.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Netstat command is a network troubleshooting tool that lets you view active connections, listening ports, routing information, network interfaces, and protocol statistics on a computer or server. If you need to find out which ports are open, whether a server has active connections, or which application is using a particular port, Netstat can quickly &#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dns.computer\/blog\/netstat-command-explained-how-to-check-network-connections\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Netstat Command Explained: How to Check Network Connections&#8221;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,99],"tags":[118,192,190,191,161,165,162,166,167],"class_list":["post-295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commands","category-network","tag-linux-commands","tag-listening-ports","tag-netstat","tag-netstat-command","tag-network-connections","tag-network-troubleshooting","tag-open-ports","tag-tcp","tag-udp"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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